Cytochrome C (Mitochondrial Marker)(6H2.B4) , CF488A conjugate , 0.1mg / mL

Cytochrome c is a well-characterized mobile electron transport protein that is essential to energy conversion in all aerobic organisms. In mammalian cells , this highly conserved protein is normally localized to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space. More recent studies have identified cytosolic cytochrome c as a factor necessary for activation of apoptosis. During apoptosis , cytochrome c is trans-located from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol , where it is required for activation of caspase-3 (CPP32). Overexpression of Bcl-2 has been shown to prevent the translocation of cytochrome c , thereby blocking the apoptotic process. Overexpression of Bax has been shown to induce the release of cytochrome c and to induce cell death. The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria is thought to trigger an apoptotic cascade , whereby Apaf-1 binds to Apaf-3 (caspase-9) in a cytochrome c-dependent manner , leading to caspase-9 cleavage of caspase-3.